Mormon History: 1830 to 1839
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John Taylor's Methodism
B. H. Roberts wrote that John Taylor was a Methodist preacher in England and Canada. Is this the only source for that information? Neither Methodist sources nor contemporary Mormon accounts support the claim.
Taylor a Methodist preacher in England   According to B. H. Roberts, "At the age of seventeen [John Taylor] was made a Methodist exhorter, or local preacher." Traveling down a road with a companion one day, he stopped suddenly and remarked, "I have a strong impression on my mind, that I have to go to America to preach the Gospel!"   Life of Taylor, 30,
    At age twenty, he moved to Hale and:    
To Canada  

started business for himself, under the auspices of his father. Shortly after this, in 1830, his father and family emigrated to Upper Canada, leaving him to dispose of some unsold property and settle the affairs of the estate.

  Life of Taylor, 28–29.
   

In about two years he completed the whole business entrusted to him and followed them. While crossing the British channel the ship he sailed in encountered severe storms, which lasted a number of days. He saw [29] several ships wrecked in that storm, and the captain and officers of his own ship expected hourly that she would go down.

   
Shipboard confirmation of calling  

But not so with our young emigrant. The voice of the Spirit was still saying within him, "You must yet go to America and preach the gospel."

   
   

"So confident was I of my destiny," he remarks, "that I went on deck at midnight, and amidst the raging elements felt as calm as though I was sitting in a parlor at home. I believed I should reach America and perform my work."

   
   

Landing in New York, he remained there and in Brooklyn and Albany a few months before going on to Toronto, Upper Canada, where he was to rejoin his parents.

   
Toronto

Preaching under church auspices
 

After his arrival in Toronto he connected himself with the Methodists in that city, and began preaching under the auspices of their church organization.

   
Arrival coincidental with Joseph Fielding   Depending on when his family left in 1830, and how long "about two years" and "a few months" were, John would have arrived in York (later Toronto) in 1832 or more likely 1833—about the same time Joseph and Mercy Fielding arrived, or within the next few months.    
Fielding's account   The dating is important because Joseph, who wrote at some length about their joint study group, conversion, and subsequent ministries, never refers to John as a Methodist preacher, exhorter, circuit rider, or anything of the sort.    
Parley P. Pratt account   Nor does Parley P. Pratt, who refers to John frequently in his account of the Toronto mission.   Parley P. Pratt, 172–188.
Taylor assisted in Pratt work   Incidentally, in the Preface to the first edition of his father's Autobiography (1873), Parley P. Pratt Jr. wrote, "In editing the work I have been kindly assisted by the author's personal friend, Elder John Taylor, to whom I feel deeply indebted." Taylor had the opportunity to correct his fellow apostle's reminiscence with respect to himself, but there is no mention in that volume of "Mr. Taylor" ever being a Methodist preacher.
   
Jenson account   The first volume of Andrew Jenson's Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, was published in 1901, nine years after Roberts' biography. In the first volume Jenson says John's parents    
Mention of ministry in England  

were members of the Church of England, and he was brought up in the doctrines of that church until he was about fifteen years old. He then joined the Methodists, and was soon after appointed a local preacher, and continued as such until he left England about the year 1828 or 1829. His father's family had left about two years previously and gone to the neighborhood of the city of Toronto, upper Canada. After a short residence in New York, Brooklyn and Albany, he visited his parents in Canada, and took up his residence at Toronto.

  Biographical Encyclopedia 1:14.
Jenson timetable   According to Jenson, John left England in 1828 or 1829, four or five years earlier than Roberts suggests—which leaves a window of opportunity during which he could have acted as a preacher without the knowledge of Joseph Fielding or Parley Pratt, who arrived later. They are plausible years—John, born November 1, 1808, would have been in his late teens when his parents left and nineteen or twenty when he made the voyage.    
Jenson rely on Roberts?   Did Jenson have information independent of Roberts about John being a preacher in England or did he rely on Roberts? In either case, why does he not include anything about his being a preacher in Canada? Because it is not important, or because he questioned the legitimacy of Roberts' claim?    
Roberts clear   Roberts makes a forthright statement that in Toronto, John "began preaching under the auspices of their church organization," that Leonora Taylor "frequently accompanied her husband in filling his appointments to preach on the Sabbath"—appointments beyond the responsibilities of a class leader—and, "as a preacher in the Methodist church, both in England and Canada, he was very successful, and made many converts."   Life of Taylor , 29, 30.
Methodist conference   Roberts also gives a detailed description of the 1835 or 1836 conference in which several preachers gave up their licenses to preach but retained their membership in the church:    
Heterodoxy hearing  

The leading men in the Methodist church called a special conference to consider the principles of these heterodox brethren. The meeting was called and presided over by some of the most prominent leaders in the Methodist persuasion [33] in Canada, among whom were the Rev. Mr. Ryarson [Ryerson] and Rev. Mr. Lord, of the British conference. The hearing was not a trial pro forma, but rather a friendly discussion of those principles held by the brethren in question.

  Life of Taylor, 32–33.

Egerton Ryserson established the Methodist weekly, Christian Guardian, in 1829. He and his younger brother, George, were influential Methodist ministers. Catholic Apostolic Church, 112–114.
   

The hearing continued through several days; and in the debates the "heterodox" held their own against the learning and talent of the church leaders; and at the conclusion of the investigation expressed themselves as being more fully confirmed in their doctrines since their learned opponents had been unable to refute them by the word of God. The conclusion reached by the conference was thus stated by the president:

 
Council's decision  

Brethren, we esteem you as brethren and gentlemen; we believe you are sincere, but cannot fellowship your doctrine. Wishing, however, to concede all we can, we would say: You may believe your doctrines if you will not teach them; and we will still retain you in fellowship as members, leaders and preachers.

   
Dissidents withdraw from preaching   These conditions the "heterodox" could not conscientiously comply with, so they were deprived of their offices but retained as members. Since they considered the Methodist Church without authority, taking from them their offices was not regarded by them as a hardship.    
    Joseph Fielding may have been referring to the rule laid down by this conference when he wrote,    
Preacher recants  

as my house was a home for the Methodist preachers, one of the more prominent of them began to see these things and to preach accordingly, until he was threatened with expulsion, and rather than give up his living he consented to let those things alone, and preach like the rest of them, and he afterwards became a persecutor of the Saints.

  ¶ Joseph Fielding to the Millennial Star, 1841
    Joseph sets this during his and his friends' early investigation of Mormonism under Parley P. Pratt (April–May 1836), but the setting is also suitable for the purge of heterodox Methodists in 1835 or 1836.    
Methodist sources   To return to the conference described by Roberts, there was an annual Methodist conference held on June 10, 1835 in Hamilton (the southern-most tip of Lake Ontario),    
1835 conference  

The first hour, eight to nine o'clock, was spent in prayer. The Rev. William Lord, appointed President by the British Conference, was welcomed to the chair, and the great service he had rendered during the year was gratefully acknowledged. The Rev. Egerton Ryerson was elected Secretary. In addition to the regular services there was preaching every morning at five o'clock and in the evening at 7.30.

  Canadian Methodism, 354.

Adolphus Egerton Ryerson (Mar. 24, 1803–Feb 19, 1882) was born and died in Upper Canada. Joined the Episcopalian Methodist Church at age 18 and became a circuit rider.
Roberts has two names right   Lord and Ryerson, the chief players named by Roberts, are in attendance. As usual, John is not included in the list of preachers for the year, but, as usual, William Patrick, leader of the study group, is listed.    
1863 conference  

The next year's conference was held in Belleville, toward the eastern end of Lake Ontario, almost due north of Palmyra, New York. It commenced June 8, 1836 (well into Parley P. Pratt's extraordinary success in Toronto).

   
Ceased to travel at own request   Rev. William Lord, the President, was in the chair; Rev. William Case was elected Secretary, with Rev. Ephraim Evans as assistant. …

Ceased to travel: Alexander Irvine, William Patrick, James Richardson, John S. Atwood—at their own request.
  Ibid, 379.
Timing   "Ceased to travel" is a unique category in the list of preachers, occurring only in this entry. The renegade preachers have stepped down of their own volition, as Roberts indicated. This appears to have occurred between the 1835 and 1836 conferences, possibly right after the 1835 conference while Lord and Ryerson were both available.    
Issue unresolved   Do Roberts' correct details on the heterodox matter give credence to the assertion that John Taylor was a preacher and that he was present when the ultimatum was given? or did Patrick report the the meeting to the study group and Taylor heard them second-hand?    
    How much did Roberts get directly from Taylor before his death in 1887, and how much did he "fill in the blanks" in the deceased President's papers for the 1892 biography?    
   
Upper Canada
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